The Pathway to Diabetes*

Development of type 2 diabetes is known for being symptomless until elevated or even slightly elevated glucose levels are detected during routine physicals.

The bad news is that rising glucose levels are a late symptom in the process. Well before insulin levels begin to rise, the body’s cells become increasingly resistant to the action of insulin. The pancreas responds by working to increase insulin production leading to possible eventual beta cell dysfunction.

The good news is that there is an earlier indicator of developing insulin resistance, lipoprotein abnormalities. Well before elevations in insulin production or glucose levels are identified, changes in lipoprotein metabolism have been occurring.

These changes include:

• Increasing numbers of large VLDL particles
• Increasing numbers of small LDL particles
• A drop in large HDL particles
• Changes in overall particle sizes of VLDL, HDL and LDL.

Lipoprotein Particle Concentration and Size analysis by NMR enables clinicians to detect these lipoprotein changes well before the onset of pre-diabetes, while there is still time to intervene in the pathway with lifestyle changes that may prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes.

Early detection means early intervention. Order the LP-IR score* from LipoScience.

* The LP-IR score is performed in LipoScience's CLIA certified laboratory.

Diabetes* and Cardiovascular Disease

The Link Between Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease – Cardiometabolic Risk

Cardiometabolic Risk (CMR) combines overall cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk resulting from both traditional risk factors such as age, sex, smoking, high blood pressure, and decreased HDL cholesterol with insulin resistance/diabetes and the additional risks of abdominal obesity, physical inactivity and related features of the metabolic syndrome.

Together, this cluster of risk factors called CMR, increases a patient’s risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). In order to properly evaluate and manage CVD risk in clinical practice, these factors should be taken into account.

• increased age (men over 35 years, women over 45 years)
• elevated blood pressure (> 130 / > 85 mmHg or on antihypertensive medication),
• abdominal obesity (waist circumference in men > 40 inches and women > 35 inches)
• elevated triglycerides (> 150 mg/dL)
• low HDL-C ( men < 40 mg/dL,women < 50 mg/dL)
• elevated fasting blood glucose(> 110 mg/dL)
• increasing insulin resistance. (IR) ¹

* The LP-IR score is performed in LipoScience's CLIA certified laboratory.

1. Brunzell et al. Diabetes Care. 2008 (31);4:811-821.

How to Submit Samples for Testing

When referring samples to LipoScience, there are three options.

Option 1

Send directly to LipoScience. If you've received your first request for the test and would like to set up a send out relationship with us, call Client Services at (877) 547-6837 to open an account.

Results can be mailed, faxed, or provided online, depending on your preference.

Click here to view our sample preparation instructions.

Click here for Centrifuge Insert Instructions.

Samples should be shipped via FedEx. FedEx Shipping Instructions

1. Call FedEx 1-800-463-3339
2. Ask for a representative
3. Schedule a pickup

Restricted Shipping Dates

• Do not ship on Fridays
• Do not ship the day before or the day of the following holidays:
  • January 1
  • Memorial Day
  • Independence Day
  • Labor Day
  • Thanksgiving Day
  • Christmas Day

Option 2

Order through your local lab provider. LipoScience has formed relationships with many national and regional laboratories to offer the test. If you'd prefer, contact your laboratory services provider and ask them to send the test to us.

Option 3

Establish a relationship with LipoScience. We would like to work with your laboratory to offer the test as a send out at contracted rates. As a laboratory client, you will have access to advanced training programs, sales literature, clinical forums and local sales support. For details, please call Client Services at (877) 547-6837, or email inquiries@liposcience.com.

Understanding the Results

Lipoprotein Markers Associated with Insulin Resistance and Diabetes* Risk

This section includes the six lipoprotein markers associated with insulin resistance and diabetes risk, and are included in the calculation for the LP-IR score.

Lipoprotein Insulin Resistance (LP-IR) Score

The LP-IR score assesses the patient's insulin resistance level and diabetes risk. This score (0-100) is derived using the results from the six lipoprotein markers above. Therapeutic lifestyle changes may reduce the score.^4,5

Improved diet and exercise is an important part of a patient's overall heart health and may lower LDL particle number. LipoScience developed a resource based on the well documented Mediterranean diet, with easy exercise tips, to help your patients adopt a heart healthy lifestyle. Click here to download the brochure.

* The LP-IR score is performed in LipoScience's CLIA certified laboratory.

1. Garvey WT et al. Diabetes. 2003;532:453-462. 2. Goff DC et al. Metabolism. 2005;54:264-270. 3. Reference population comprised 4,588 men and women not on lipid medication enrolled in the Multi-Ethnec Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). 4. Genuth and Kahn. Diabetes Care. 2008;31:1096-1096. 5. Insulin Resistance and Pre-Diabetes. 2008. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. NIH Publication No. 09-4893. Available from www.diabetes.niddk.nih.gov.

Online Results

FOR PHYSICIAN AND LABORATORY USE ONLY

As a service to our physician and laboratory clients, we offer the convenience of accessing test results online. To access the results, you will need a user ID and password. If you would like to set up an account to receive results online, please email inquiries@liposcience.com, or call 1-877-547-6837.

Click Here for Online Results

We are unable to provide laboratory results directly to patients.

System Requirements:

• Microsoft Operating System
• Microsoft Internet Explorer v 6.0 and up
• Adobe Acrobat Reader v 7.0 and up
• For best viewing access, high speed internet connection suggested

It is LipoScience's policy to protect patient and client account information against unauthorized use or release. All patient and client information is encrypted by a 128-bit encryption system using secure socket layer (SSL) encryption technology.

User name and passwords are private information. Maintaining the privacy of a username and password needed to access patient information is the ultimate responsibility of the user. LipoScience is not responsible for unauthorized access to patient information when proper usernames and passwords are used.

Patient information may only be accessed by LipoScience employees authorized to do so as part of job-required activities. Additionally, all personal patient data resides at LipoScience behind firewalls that operate on separate LipoScience servers. The general public has no access to these servers.

Please click here to view our Privacy Policy.

If you have any questions, please call Client Services toll-free at 1-877-547-6837.